How do solar panels work?

Solar panels operate on the principle of converting sunlight into electricity through a process known as the photovoltaic effect. Here's a breakdown of how solar panels work:

Absorption of sunlight: Solar panels are composed of photovoltaic (PV) cells, typically made of silicon. When sunlight hits the surface of these cells, it excites the electrons within the silicon atoms, generating an electric current.
Generation of electric current: The excited electrons create a flow of electricity within the PV cells. This flow of electrons is directed through an electrical circuit within the solar panel, generating a direct current (DC) of electricity.
Conversion of DC to AC: Most household appliances and the electricity grid operate on alternating current (AC), so the DC electricity generated by the solar panels needs to be converted. An inverter is used to convert the DC electricity into AC electricity, making it compatible with household electrical systems.
Utilization or storage of electricity: The converted AC electricity can then be used to power appliances and electronics within the home. Any excess electricity produced by the solar panels can be fed back into the electricity grid or stored in batteries for later use.
Grid interaction (optional): In grid-connected systems, excess electricity can be fed back into the grid through a process called net metering. This allows homeowners to receive credits or compensation for the surplus electricity they contribute to the grid.

Overall, solar panels harness the abundant energy from sunlight and convert it into usable electricity, providing a clean, renewable source of power for homes and businesses. This process is not only environmentally friendly but also offers significant long-term cost savings and energy independence. As solar technology continues to advance, it holds tremendous potential to play a central role in the global transition to sustainable energy systems.

The PV modules generate Direct Current (DC) electricity and send it to the solar power inverter. The inverter transforms the DC power from the modules into Alternating Current (AC) electricity and feeds it back to the meter, ready to be used in the house or exported back into the grid/power poles.

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